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1. Use Strong MFA Methods
- Avoid SMS: SMS-based authentication is vulnerable to SIM-swapping attacks. Instead, use more secure methods like authenticator apps (Microsoft Authenticator, Google Authenticator) or physical hardware security keys.
- Implement Biometric Authentication: Where possible, incorporate biometric options like fingerprint or facial recognition, available on Microsoft Authenticator or through FIDO2-compatible devices.
2. Enable Conditional Access Policies
- Context-Based MFA: Use Conditional Access to require MFA only under specific conditions, such as when logging in from an untrusted location, using a non-compliant device, or during high-risk sessions.
- Block Access Based on Location: Restrict logins from high-risk countries or locations where your organization doesn’t operate. This makes it harder for attackers to bypass MFA if they’re attempting access from a suspicious area.
3. Implement Number Matching in Microsoft Authenticator
- Mitigate MFA Fatigue: Microsoft Authenticator’s number matching feature requires users to enter a number displayed on the login screen, rather than just approving a notification. This added step reduces the likelihood of users approving unintended MFA requests in MFA fatigue attacks.
4. Enable Anti-Phishing Techniques like FIDO2/WebAuthn Authentication
- Resist MitM Attacks: WebAuthn and FIDO2 authentication standards protect against phishing and Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks by binding authentication to a specific device and origin.
- Passwordless Authentication: FIDO2 security keys or other passwordless options (like Windows Hello for Business) provide a highly secure and user-friendly MFA experience, reducing reliance on passwords altogether.
5. Use Session Management Policies
- Session Expiry: Set shorter token lifetimes for sensitive applications, requiring users to reauthenticate periodically.
- Device and IP Restrictions: Limit the reuse of MFA tokens to specific IP addresses or devices, making it harder for attackers to use a stolen session token.
6. Monitor and Respond to Unusual MFA Activity
- Configure Alerts for MFA Requests: Enable alerts for unusual authentication patterns or excessive MFA requests, which could indicate MFA fatigue or a potential brute-force attempt.
- Review Sign-In Logs Regularly: Use the Azure AD sign-in logs to monitor for unusual login attempts, location changes, or access from unauthorized devices.
7. Educate Users About MFA Security Practices
- Awareness Training: Train users to recognize MFA prompts they did not initiate and understand the importance of rejecting unfamiliar requests. Emphasize vigilance and discourage automatic approval of push notifications.
8. Enforce Device Compliance
- Device-Based Access Policies: Require users to authenticate only from compliant, managed devices. Enforcing device compliance (including updates and antivirus checks) adds another layer of security, especially for sensitive applications.
By combining these practices, you can significantly enhance the security of Microsoft 365’s MFA, reduce the risk of compromise, and better protect sensitive data and applications.